A discussion of the astronomical observation of Galileo Galilei and the escalating conflict with the Aristotelian Scholastics that dominated the Italian universities in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. Specifically, we discuss the 1604 nova and Galileo's telescopic observations of 1609 including those of the Moon, Jupiter and the phases of Venus.
NAAP Ptolemaic Phases of Venus Simulation
NAAP Copernican Phases of Venus Simulation
Two of Galileo's telescopes on display in Florence
Light path for a converging lens
Light path for a diverging lens
Light ray and lens diagram for Lippershey's telescope design
Light ray and lens diagram for Kepler's telescope
Light ray diagram for the two types of telescopic aberration
Galileo's observations of Jupiter's four largest moons
Galileo's observations for the phases of Venus
Diagram displaying the predicted phases of Venus in Ptolemy's model (left) and Copernicus' Model (right)
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